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mipTOF Features

High Power Plasma Source

The mipTOF combines a high-temperature microwave-induced plasma (mip) with a high-speed, high-sensitivity time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer.

  • Plasma source (MICAP, RADOM, Corp.) is sustained with nitrogen (N2) gas or air 
  • Air samples are directly introduced into the mipTOF for real-time, quantitative detection at sampling rates from 0.1-0.15 L/min
  • Passive sampling by venturi effect: Air sampling without pump in the sample flow path is achieved with a convention pneumatic nebulizer. 
High Power Plasma Source

Continuous Real-Time Measurement

The mipTOF enables fast and sensitive mass detection of nearly all particle elements, allowing for precise localization and monitoring of metal-containing aerosols and aerosol events. This capability reveals changes in particle composition, leading to clearer elemental correlations and improved source apportionment.

Quantified mipTOF time trace from the analysis of ambient air at around midnight on New Year’s 2025. Comprehensive mass detection of nearly all particle elements enables clearer elemental correlations and improved source apportionment.
Example of real-time analysis of particles produced from a strike of a disposable lighter at a distance of 1 m from pneumatic nebulizer sampler. a) Quantified mipTOF time traces of Fe, Ce, and La averaged to a time resolution of 1 second. b) Zoom-in on 1 second of mipTOF time trace at full time resolution of 2.5 milliseconds. Discrete spikes come from analysis of individual nanoparticles produced from striking of the lighter flint, which is composed of ferro-cerium mischmetal. c) Mass ratios of Ce/La as a function of measured La mass. Convergence of Ce:La to 2.3:1 is characteristics of composition of lighter flint material. Spread in element ratios is partly due to heterogeneity of spark-produced particles.

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